Banjarese The house is a traditional house of Banjar Banjar. Traditional architectural features include a symbol, has an emphasis on the roof, ornamental, decorative and symmetrical. According to Saleh Idwar (1984:5) Banjar traditional house-type is the type Banjar typical house with the carving his own style and began before the year 1871 until the year 1935. Generally Banjar traditional house was built with anjung (ba-anjung) wing of the building that jutted from the left and right side of the main building because it was called the House Baanjung. Anjung is characteristic of the traditional house of Banjar, although there are some types that are not Banjarese to anjung. Type of house that is the most valuable High Bubungan normally used for building the palace (the Sultan). So it is equal to a house in Java joglo used as a palace. The greatness of a ruler of the kingdom during the reign of the size measured by the quantity and quality of art and grandeur the royal buildings, especially the king's palace (High Bubungan). In a village of Banjar tribe consists of various types of homes that reflect the Banjar social status and economic status of the owner of the house. In these villages the houses were built with a linear pattern following the direction of flow of the river and the highway consists of houses built floats on water, a house built on the river and houses built on land, either on the wetlands (alluvial) and dry land. * 1 The types of Banjar Traditional House * 2 History and Development of Banjar Traditional House o 2.1 Banjar Traditional House in Central Kalimantan and East Kalimantan o 2.2 Condition of Banjar Traditional House * 3 Section and the Construction of Banjar Traditional House o 3.1 The foundation, pole and Sticks o 3.2 Framework o 3.3 Floor o 3.4 Walls o 3.5 Roof o 3.6 ornamentation (Carving) * 4 The influence of Religious Systems and Knowledge Systems * 5 How to Determine Size of Banjar Traditional House * 6 The philosophy of Banjar Traditional House o 6.1 Dwitunggal Universe o Hayat Tree 6.2 6.3 o Umbrella o 6.4 symmetric o 6.5 Head-Body-Feet o 6.6 Value Space Administration o 6.7 tawing halat / Seketeng o 6.8 Plan Cacak Burung * 7 See also * 8 External links * 9 References The types of Banjar Traditional House * High Bubungan * Rumah Gajah Baliku * House Elephant Manyusu * House Balai Laki * House Balai Bini * House Palimbangan * House Palimasan (Elephant House * Rumah Cacak Burung / House anjung Surung * Pallet House fence * House lanting * House Joglo Warehouse * House Build Warehouse History and Development of Banjar Traditional House Banjar traditional house, also called the High Bubungan because of the portion of the roof so sharp an angle 45 º. Banjar Traditional House building is estimated to have existed since the 16th century, when the area under the rule of Banjar Indian Prince who later converted to Islam, and changed its name to the title Barelang Panembahan Habang Stone. Before embracing Islam Barelang the adoption of Hinduism. He led the Banjar Kingdom in the year 1596-1620. At first Banjar traditional house building has a square-shaped construction that extends to the front. But its growth, the long rectangular shape is received in addition to the left and right side of the building and slightly to the rear plus a room that same measurement. This addition in Banjar language is called disumbi. Additional buildings on the left and right side of this tamapak attached (in Banjar: Banana Sasikat) and hold up outside. Additional buildings on the left and right are referred to as anjung; so later Banjar traditional house building is more popular with the name Ba-anjung House. Around the year 1850 residential buildings within the palace Banjar, especially in environments Martapura palace, complete with various forms of other buildings. But the House is Ba-anjung main stem of the building because the house is a palace where the Emperor lived. Other buildings that accompany the building houses the ba-anjung is called a storage Palimasan as the imperial treasures of gold and silver. Men Hall is home to the imperial ministers, Balai Bini residences for the nanny, Elephant Manyusu closest family residence that is the empire-Gusti Gusti and Anang. In addition to these buildings are still found more buildings called Elephant Baliku, Palembangan, and Central Seba. In further development, more and more residential buildings erected around the sultanate as well as in other areas that mimic the form of house building ba-anjung. And ultimately form ba-anjung home is no longer just a building form that are characteristic of the empire (the palace), but it has become characteristic of the building houses the Banjar. Banjar Traditional House in Central Kalimantan and East Kalimantan Then the form of house building is ba-anjung not only spread in the area of South Kalimantan, but also spread to the extent that the area of Central Kalimantan and East Kalimantan. Although the form of houses found in Central Kalimantan and East Kalimantan has a slightly different sizes with Ba-anjung house in Banjar area, but form the main building is a typical traditional house of Banjar buildings remain visible. In Central Kalimantan form ba-anjung home can be found in the West Kotawaringin area, namely in Pangkalan Bun, Kotawaringin Old and Kumai. Spread form of traditional house of Banjar to Kotawaringin area is through the establishment of the Kingdom of Kotawaringin that the solution of the territory of Banjar kingdom ruled by the Sultan when Musta'inbillah. Sultan Musta'inbillah ruled since 1650 until 1672, then he was replaced by Sultan Inayatullah. Kotawaringin Kingdom which is solving the Banjar Kingdom territory ruled by Prince Dipati Anta Kesuma as the first Emperor. The spread of Banjar traditional house to the East Kalimantan region caused by the many local residents who migrated to the Banjar of this region, which then established residence in the form of house building as ba-anjung house in the form of their places of origin. So in the end of Banjar traditional house building or house ba-anjung custom spread everywhere, not just in the area of South Kalimantan, but also in Central Kalimantan and East Kalimantan. Conditions of Banjar Traditional House But now it can be said that the ba-anjung house or houses that are Raft House Banjar classical architecture made it not much more. Since the 1930s the people of Banjar almost never again build their homes with the form ba-anjung house. Problem of housing construction costs and problems of land area and a trend seems to have been a consideration that makes the residents do not want to build more homes in the form of ba-anjung house. Many ba-anjung homes built in previous years now dismantled and replaced with buildings of modern patterned according to the taste of the times. Not uncommon in South Kalimantan, the owner of the house ba-anjung actually live in the new house (built later) shape is fashionable now. If present in the area of South Kalimantan, there are homes that have custom house style ba-anjung, it can be ascertained that the building was established long before the year 1930. For the region of South Kalimantan are still to be found some of the Banjar traditional house was very old age as Jingah River Village, Kampung Melayu Malays in the Sea, the Middle Banjarmasin, Banjarmasin, Ulu Selong Bay Village, Maratapura, Banjar, Village In Pagar), Village Tibung, Village Gambah (Kandangan), Village Birayang (Barabai), and in the State. Each custom home is already in a very alarming condition, many parts of the house which was damaged at all. Government subsidies are seeking treatment for these buildings. But family members often refuse homeowner subsidy for certain reasons, such as shame or pride. Because felt is considered not able to care for her own home. However state houses, from the remnants of which still can be found can imagine how artistic building filled with interesting ornaments. Parts and Banjar Traditional House Construction Foundations, pillars and Sticks Natural state of swampy river as the early growth of the traditional house of Banjar, wanted a building with a high floor. Foundations, poles and sticks in this very important role. Foundation as the most basic construction, usually using lime wood or wood Galam Dragon. Using a cane pole and ironwood, with the number reaching 60 stems for poles and sticks to the stick 120. Framework The framework of this house usually use the traditional measure of footprints fathoms or odd size that is believed to have magical value / sacred. The parts of the framework are: 1. implant made of wood Ulin. 2. Made of wood gelagar Ulin, Belangiran, White resin. 3. Ulin plank floor of 3 cm thick. 4. Barasuk of sawn Watun Ulin. 5. Tawing pillar of wood resin. 6. Framework of the door and windows of the board and sawn Ulin. 7. Of sawn timber Balabad White resin. Mbr> 8. Titian mice from sawn timber White resin. 9. Bujuran Sampiran and Curtains from sawn Ulin or White resin. 10. Orong pole Sangga Orong and noisy and bone Bubungan Ulin of sawn timber, wood Lanan, and White resin. 11. Rafter from sawn Ulin or White resin. 12. Riing of wooden planks of white resin. Floor In addition to regular floor, there is also the floor so-called rare or Floor Floor Ranggang. Ranggang floor is usually found in surambi Front, anjung Jurai and unified space, which is where the washing or pambanyuan. While in anjung Jurai for the delivery and body wash. Normally the materials used for floor boards ulin is 20 cm wide, and for the floor boards Ulin Ranggang of 10 cm wide. Walls The walls consist of a board mounted with a standing position, so that in addition to the pole is also required and Balabad Tawing stake to paste. Ulin board material from the wall face. On the side and rear and the wall tawing halat using Ulin wood or Lanan. In the anjung kiwa, anjung Right, anjung Jurai and unified space, sometimes using palupuh walls. Roof The roof of the building is usually the most prominent features of a building. Because this building was called the High Bubungan. Materials made of shingle roof with Ulin wood or thatch. Ornamentation (Carving) Appearance of traditional houses Raft House is also supported by ornamental forms of carving. Placements are usually carved in a constructive way the pole, tataban, pilis, and stairs. As the art developed under the influence of Islam, the motive is illustrated floral motif (leaves and flowers). Animal motifs such as the end pilis hornbills depicting birds and dragons are also distilir with floral motifs. In addition, there are also carvings of calligraphy. Arabic calligraphy is a decoration that appeared later that enrich Banjar decoration. (Museum Stomach kurat - Banjarbaru, "Raft House Traditional House and completeness", 1992/1993) Influence System Religion and Knowledge Systems Although the Banjar already embraced Islam, but in the everyday activities in relation to the cultural elements are still attached aninisme, Hindu-Buddhist tradition developed as a basis in the past. However, it is not in its entirety. Religion is considered the origin of Kaharingan developed by Dayaks. The influence of Hindu, Buddhist, Muslim or Christian does not mean ancestral beliefs with all the ceremony religinya just disappear. Dayak people who had embraced Islam Ethnic Groups considered the Banjar and no longer consider themselves as Dayak tribe. Banjar keagamaanya almost all joints was based on religious sentiment rooted in Islamic teachings. So every every household have the equipment associated with the implementation of the religious. Also in Banjar traditional house is equipped with many carvings relating to the brotherhood, unity, fertility, and handwriting-Arabic calligraphy handwriting comes from the Islamic teachings such creeds two sentences, the names of the Caliph, Shalawat, or certain verses in the Al - Qur'an. But the carvings in the house of Banjar is still associated with the trust Kaharingan, Aninisme, Dinanisme, or Hindu-Buddhist, for example, swastikas, hornbills, dragons and so on How to Determine Size of Banjar Traditional House How to Determine Size of Banjar Traditional House can be done in several ways, including: 1. The length and width of the house determined the size of the husband fathoms in odd amount. (MOEC, Brotomoeljono, South Kalimantan, Traditional Houses, 1986: 87) 2. Calculated by taking the gelagar, then calculated with the calculation gelagar, geligir, gelugur. When the count ended with geligir or gelugur then it is not a good sign and should be covered with gelagar. Counts gelagar will cause the house and the peace and harmony. (MOEC, Brotomoeljono, South Kalimantan, Traditional Houses, 1986: 87) 3. Another way of David according Alfani, MA. (1997: 462) Length and width of the house represented a symbol of animal eighth the size of the dragon, smoke, lions, dogs, cows, donkeys, elephants, crows. The ideal length and breadth of the dragon symbolized gajah.Yang not well represented is the symbol of smoke, dog, donkey, or a crow. (Number) length fathom someone who built a house divided to represent the animal eighth in a row as the previous. (Each fathoms multiplied by 12). If the length of the house 6 fathoms, is 6 x 12 size or 72 size, so if size is symbolized by the dragon beast, must be added 1 / 12 fathoms again. To obtain the size of elephant symbol, that length must be added 7 / 12 fathoms or minus 1 / 12 fathoms. (Alfani David, MA, Islam and Society Banjar, 1997: 462) Philosophy of Banjar Traditional House The separation of types and forms of Banjar home to the philosophy and religious beliefs based on Kaharingan the Dayak tribe that the universe is divided into 2 parts, namely the nature and the nature bawah.Rumah Raft House is a symbol of the microcosm within the macrocosm as if besar.Penghuni live in the world was flanked by the world above and the underworld. At home they live in large families, is the unity of the world's top and bottom of the world and represents Mahatala Djata (husband and wife). Dwitunggal Universe In agrarian civilization, the home is considered sacred because it is considered as the dwelling place of the unseen by the gods as in the house of Dayak Hill Hall that serves as a home ritual. In the Kingdom of State Dipa ancestral figures embodied in the form of statues of men and women who worshiped and placed in the palace. Veneration ancestor spirits who worship Maharaja Suryanata tangible and cherished daughter of foam is a symbol of marriage (union) and the nature of nature under Kaharingan-Hindu cosmogony. Suryanata as a manifestation of the god of the Sun (Surya) of elements Kaharingan-Hindu beliefs, the orientation of the sun which rises from the horizon due east (orient) always awaited his presence as a source of life, cherished daughter of foam while the symbol of water, and soil fertility symbol functions as Dewi Sri in Java. During the growth of the Hindu kingdom, the king's palace is the image of an expression of power even considered as a manifestation of divine blessing symbol into the Cosmos Macro Cosmos Micro. Cherished daughter of foam as a symbol of "the world Down" while the Prince Suryanata symbol "world over". At the High Bubungan architecture influences these elements can still be found. Dragon carving shapes disguised / didestilir (bananagaan) represents the "bottom nature" while carving birds hornbills symbolizes "nature of". Tree Hayat The realization of Raft House Banjar house with its roof that rose to the top is the basic image of a "life tree" which is a symbol of the cosmic. Hayat tree is a reflection of the dimensions of a unified universe. Engravings of plants that were fertile at tawing halat (Seketeng) embodies the philosophy of "tree of life" that the Dayaks called Batang Garing Kaharingan belief that the first ever developed in the community life of South Kalimantan in the previous period. Umbrella The realization of Raft House Banjar house with its roof that rose to the top is an image of an umbrella base that shows an orientation of power up. The umbrella is also a symbol of nobility, who usually use the "yellow umbrella" as a royal device. Yellow umbrella as a sign of Banjar royal dignity given to the royal officials in a region. Symmetrical Being the home of the Raft House Banjar symmetrical, seen in the form of wings or buildings comprising anjung anjung Right and anjung kiwa. This is related to the philosophy of symmetric (balanced) in the government of the kingdom of Banjar, which divide the ministries, the comestible Mantri (Minister of the Right Group) and Pangiwa Mantri (Minister Group L), each consisting of 4 ministers, snacks Mantri titled 'Regent' and Mantri Pangiwa titled 'The', every-pillars ministers have their troops. The concept of symmetry is reflected in the high ridge of the house. Head-Body-Feet Raft House form home likened the human body divided into 3 parts vertically the head, trunk and legs. While anjung likened to his right hand and left hand is right and anjung anjung kiwa (left). Value Tata Ruang At home Banjar Raft House (palace) there is room Porch Semi-Public or a tiered surambi chronologically situated consists of surambi face, surambi speech, and the last surambi Pamedangan before entering the main door (Lawang Front) on the front wall (Tawing Front) who carved beautifully. After entering the main door to enter the Semi-Private room. Visitors back up a tiered floor consists of panampik Kacil below, panampik Tangah in the middle and panampik Basar on the front tawing halat or "middle wall" that shows the values of a hierarchical space. Small panampik space where children, Tangah panampik space as a place of ordinary people or the youth and most importantly Basar panampik space designated for community leaders, just people who are knowledgeable and respected all who dared to sit in the area it. This indicates the existence of a manners as well as reflecting the social stratification of Banjar society in the past that consisted of the top layer is called the blue-blooded class Tutus King (royalty) and the bottom layer are the ones Jaba (people) as well as among both ordinary people are the ones who have gained positions -positions in the Kingdom and the rich. Tawing halat / Seketeng Room in the house Raft House Banjar divided into rooms that are private and semi-private. Among Basar panampik space that is semi-private space that is private Palidangan separated by tawing halat means "wall of separation", when in the area called Java Seketeng. If there is salvation and draped (nanggap) Wayang Kulit Banjar Tawing then in the middle of this halat be opened so as if a transparent dividing line between two worlds (inside and out) into the open. When implemented "puppet sampir" then tawing halat the boundary between "in" (Palidangan) and outside (Paluaran / panampik Basar) becomes open. The king and his family as well as the mastermind in the area "in the" puppet children watched in its original form, while the spectators were in an area "outside" watching the puppet in the form of shadows. Bird Cacak Plan House Plan Raft House Banjar-shaped "plus sign" which is the intersection of the axes of the building from the front to the rear and from right to left direction patterning Cacak plan is sacred bird. In the center right under ADO Sangga frame construction under the roof of Raft House is Palidangan space which is the intersection point of these axes. In cosmological then this is the most important part of the House Banjar Raft House. Once the importance of this section is represented by the appearance tawing halat (middle wall) full carvings (Tree Hayat) is fertile and prosperous. Tawing halat become the focus of attention and became a respectable area. Tawang halat protect the area "within" which is the central point of the building Palidangan (panampik Panangah). | |||
